| Abi2 |
Chopin, M.-C., Chopin, A., Bidnenko, E., 2005. Phage abortive infection in lactococci: variations on a theme. Curr Opin Microbiol 8, 473–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.006 |
| AbiEii |
Dy, R.L., Przybilski, R., Semeijn, K., Salmond, G.P.C., Fineran, P.C., 2014. A widespread bacteriophage abortive infection system functions through a Type IV toxin-antitoxin mechanism. Nucleic Acids Res 42, 4590–4605. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1419 |
| AbiH |
Prévots, F., Daloyau, M., Bonin, O., Dumont, X., Tolou, S., 1996. Cloning and sequencing of the novel abortive infection gene abiH of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis S94. FEMS Microbiol Lett 142, 295–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x |
| AVAST |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| BREX |
Goldfarb, T., Sberro, H., Weinstock, E., Cohen, O., Doron, S., Charpak-Amikam, Y., Afik, S., Ofir, G., Sorek, R., 2015. BREX is a novel phage resistance system widespread in microbial genomes. The EMBO Journal 34, 169–183. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201489455 |
| BstA |
Owen, S.V., Wenner, N., Dulberger, C.L., Rodwell, E.V., Bowers-Barnard, A., Quinones-Olvera, N., Rigden, D.J., Rubin, E.J., Garner, E.C., Baym, M., Hinton, J.C.D., 2020. Prophage-encoded phage defence proteins with cognate self-immunity. bioRxiv 2020.07.13.199331. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.13.199331 |
| Cas |
Bernheim, A., Bikard, D., Touchon, M., Rocha, E.P.C., 2020. Atypical organizations and epistatic interactions of CRISPRs and cas clusters in genomes and their mobile genetic elements. Nucleic Acids Res 48, 748–760. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1091 |
| CBASS |
Millman, A., Melamed, S., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2020. Diversity and classification of cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling systems. Nature Microbiology 5, 1608–1615. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0777-y |
| DarTG |
LeRoux, M., Srikant, S., Littlehale, M.H., Teodoro, G., Doron, S., Badiee, M., Leung, A.K.L., Sorek, R., Laub, M.T., 2021. The DarTG toxin-antitoxin system provides phage defense by ADP-ribosylating viral DNA. bioRxiv 2021.09.27.462013. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.27.462013 |
| dCTPdeaminase |
Tal, N., Millman, A., Stokar-Avihail, A., Fedorenko, T., Leavitt, A., Melamed, S., Yirmiya, E., Avraham, C., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2021. Antiviral defense via nucleotide depletion in bacteria. bioRxiv 2021.04.26.441389. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.26.441389 |
| dGTPase |
Tal, N., Millman, A., Stokar-Avihail, A., Fedorenko, T., Leavitt, A., Melamed, S., Yirmiya, E., Avraham, C., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2021. Antiviral defense via nucleotide depletion in bacteria. bioRxiv 2021.04.26.441389. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.26.441389 |
| DISARM |
Ofir, G., Melamed, S., Sberro, H., Mukamel, Z., Silverman, S., Yaakov, G., Doron, S., Sorek, R., 2018. DISARM is a widespread bacterial defence system with broad anti-phage activities. Nat Microbiol 3, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-017-0051-0 |
| Dnd |
Wang, L., Chen, S., Xu, T., Taghizadeh, K., Wishnok, J.S., Zhou, X., You, D., Deng, Z., Dedon, P.C., 2007. Phosphorothioation of DNA in bacteria by dnd genes. Nat Chem Biol 3, 709–710. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2007.39 |
| DRT |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Druantia |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Dsr |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gabija |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Gao_ApeA |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Her |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Hhe |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Iet |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Mza |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Ppl |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Qat |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_RL |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_TerYP |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Tmn |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Gao_Upx |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| GasderMIN |
Johnson, A.G., Wein, T., Mayer, M.L., Duncan-Lowey, B., Yirmiya, E., Oppenheimer-Shaanan, Y., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., Kranzusch, P.J., 2021. Bacterial gasdermins reveal an ancient mechanism of cell death. bioRxiv 2021.06.07.447441. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.07.447441 |
| Hachiman |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Kiwa |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Lamassu |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Lit |
Uzan, M., Miller, E.S., 2010. Post-transcriptional control by bacteriophage T4: mRNA decay and inhibition of translation initiation. Virology Journal 7, 360. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-360 |
| Nhi |
Bari, S.M.N., Chou-Zheng, L., Cater, K., Dandu, V.S., Thomas, A., Aslan, B., Hatoum-Aslan, A., 2019. A unique mode of nucleic acid immunity performed by a single multifunctional enzyme. bioRxiv 776245. https://doi.org/10.1101/776245 |
| NixI |
LeGault, K.N., Barth, Z.K., DePaola, P., Seed, K.D., 2021. A phage parasite deploys a nicking nuclease effector to inhibit replication of its viral host. bioRxiv 2021.07.12.452122. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.12.452122 |
| PARIS |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Pif |
Cram, D., Ray, A., Skurray, R., 1984. Molecular analysis of F plasmid pif region specifying abortive infection of T7 phage. Mol Gen Genet 197, 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327934 |
| PrrC |
Uzan, M., Miller, E.S., 2010. Post-transcriptional control by bacteriophage T4: mRNA decay and inhibition of translation initiation. Virology Journal 7, 360. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-360 |
| RADAR |
Gao, L., Altae-Tran, H., Böhning, F., Makarova, K.S., Segel, M., Schmid-Burgk, J.L., Koob, J., Wolf, Y.I., Koonin, E.V., Zhang, F., 2020. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science 369, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba0372 |
| Retron |
Mestre, M.R., González-Delgado, A., Gutiérrez-Rus, L.I., Martínez-Abarca, F., Toro, N., 2020. Systematic prediction of genes functionally associated with bacterial retrons and classification of the encoded tripartite systems. Nucleic Acids Res 48, 12632–12647. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1149 Millman, A., Bernheim, A., Stokar-Avihail, A., Fedorenko, T., Voichek, M., Leavitt, A., Oppenheimer-Shaanan, Y., Sorek, R., 2020. Bacterial Retrons Function In Anti-Phage Defense. Cell 183, 1551-1561.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.065 |
|
Millman, A., Bernheim, A., Stokar-Avihail, A., Fedorenko, T., Voichek, M., Leavitt, A., Oppenheimer-Shaanan, Y., Sorek, R., 2020. Bacterial Retrons Function In Anti-Phage Defense. Cell 183, 1551-1561.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.065 |
| RexAB |
Parma, D.H., Snyder, M., Sobolevski, S., Nawroz, M., Brody, E., Gold, L., 1992. The Rex system of bacteriophage lambda: tolerance and altruistic cell death. Genes Dev 6, 497–510. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.3.497 |
| RM |
Oliveira, P.H., Touchon, M., Rocha, E.P.C., 2014. The interplay of restriction-modification systems with mobile genetic elements and their prokaryotic hosts. Nucleic Acids Research 42, 10618. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku734 |
| Rst_2TM_1TM_TIR |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_3HP |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_DprA-PPRT |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_DUF4238 |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_gop_beta_cll |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_HelicaseDUF2290 |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_Hydrolase-Tm |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_Old_Tin |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_Retron-Tm |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Rst_TIR |
Rousset, F., Dowding, J., Bernheim, A., Rocha, E.P.C., Bikard, D., 2021. Prophage-encoded hotspots of bacterial immune systems. bioRxiv 2021.01.21.427644. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.427644 |
| Septu |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Shedu |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| SspBCDE |
Wang, S., Wan, M., Huang, R., Zhang, Y., Xie, Y., Wei, Y., Ahmad, M., Wu, D., Hong, Y., Deng, Z., Chen, S., Li, Z., Wang, L., n.d. SspABCD-SspFGH Constitutes a New Type of DNA Phosphorothioate-Based Bacterial Defense System. mBio 12, e00613-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00613-21 |
| Stk2 |
Depardieu, F., Didier, J.-P., Bernheim, A., Sherlock, A., Molina, H., Duclos, B., Bikard, D., 2016. A Eukaryotic-like Serine/Threonine Kinase Protects Staphylococci against Phages. Cell Host & Microbe 20, 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.08.010 |
| Thoeris |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Viperin |
Bernheim, A., Millman, A., Ofir, G., Meitav, G., Avraham, C., Shomar, H., Rosenberg, M.M., Tal, N., Melamed, S., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2021. Prokaryotic viperins produce diverse antiviral molecules. Nature 589, 120–124. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2762-2 |
| Wadjet |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |
| Zorya |
Doron, S., Melamed, S., Ofir, G., Leavitt, A., Lopatina, A., Keren, M., Amitai, G., Sorek, R., 2018. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science 359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4120 |