getfasta¶
bedtools getfasta extracts sequences from a FASTA file for each of the
intervals defined in a BED/GFF/VCF file.
Tip
1. The headers in the input FASTA file must exactly match the chromosome column in the BED file.
2. You can use the UNIX fold command to set the line width of the
FASTA output. For example, fold -w 60 will make each line of the FASTA
file have at most 60 nucleotides for easy viewing.
3. BED files containing a single region require a newline character at the end of the line, otherwise a blank output file is produced.
See also
Usage and option summary¶
Usage
$ bedtools getfasta [OPTIONS] -fi <input FASTA> -bed <BED/GFF/VCF>
(or):
$ getFastaFromBed [OPTIONS] -fi <input FASTA> -bed <BED/GFF/VCF>
Option |
Description |
|---|---|
-fo |
Specify an output file name. By default, output goes to stdout. |
-name |
Use the "name" column in the BED file for the FASTA headers in the output FASTA file. |
-tab |
Report extract sequences in a tab-delimited format instead of in FASTA format. |
-bedOut |
Report extract sequences in a tab-delimited BED format instead of in FASTA format. |
-s |
Force strandedness. If the feature occupies the antisense strand, the sequence will be reverse complemented. Default: strand information is ignored. |
-split |
Given BED12 input, extract and concatenate the sequences from the BED "blocks" (e.g., exons) |
Default behavior¶
bedtools getfasta will extract the sequence defined by the coordinates
in a BED interval and create a new FASTA entry in the output file for each
extracted sequence. By default, the FASTA header for each
extracted sequence will be formatted as follows: "<chrom>:<start>-<end>".
$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
$ cat test.bed
chr1 5 10
$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed
>chr1:5-10
AAACC
# optionally write to an output file
$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -fo test.fa.out
$ cat test.fa.out
>chr1:5-10
AAACC
-name Using the BED "name" column as a FASTA header.¶
Using the -name option, one can set the FASTA header for each extracted
sequence to be the "name" columns from the BED feature.
$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
$ cat test.bed
chr1 5 10 myseq
$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -name
>myseq
AAACC
-tab Creating a tab-delimited output file in lieu of FASTA output.¶
Using the -tab option, the -fo output file will be tab-delimited
instead of in FASTA format.
$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
$ cat test.bed
chr1 5 10 myseq
$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -name -tab
myseq AAACC
-bedOut Creating a tab-delimited BED file in lieu of FASTA output.¶
Using the -tab option, the -fo output file will be tab-delimited
instead of in FASTA format.
$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
$ cat test.bed
chr1 5 10 myseq
$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -tab
chr1 5 10 AAACC
-s Forcing the extracted sequence to reflect the requested strand¶
bedtools getfasta will extract the sequence in the orientation defined in
the strand column when the "-s" option is used.
$ cat test.fa
>chr1
AAAAAAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCGCTACTGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
$ cat test.bed
chr1 20 25 forward 1 +
chr1 20 25 reverse 1 -
$ bedtools getfasta -fi test.fa -bed test.bed -s -name
>forward
CGCTA
>reverse
TAGCG
-split Extracting BED "blocks".¶
One can optionally request that FASTA records be extracting and concatenating
each block in a BED12 record. For example, consider a BED12 record describing a
transcript. By default, getfasta will extract the sequence representing the
entire transcript (introns, exons, UTRs). Using the -split option, getfasta
will instead produce separate a FASTA record representing a transcript that
splices together each BED12 block (e.g., exons
and UTRs in the case of genes described with BED12).
$ cat genes.bed12
chr1 164404 173864 ENST00000466557.1 0 - 173864 173864 0 6 387,59,66,216,132,112, 0,1479,3695,4644,8152,9348,
chr1 235855 267253 ENST00000424587.1 0 - 267253 267253 0 4 2100,150,105,158, 0,2562,23161,31240,
chr1 317810 328455 ENST00000426316.1 0 + 328455 328455 0 2 323,145, 0,10500,
$ bedtools getfasta -fi chr1.fa -bed genes.bed12 -split -name
>ENST00000466557.1
gaggcgggaagatcacttgatatcaggagtcgaggcgggaagatcacttgacgtcaggagttcgagactggcccggccaacatggtgaaaccgcatctccactaaaaatacaaaaattagcctggtatggtggtgggcacctgtaatcccagtgacttgggaggctaaggcaggagaatttcttgaacccaggaggcagaggttgcagtgaccagcaaggttgcgccattgcaccccagcctgggcgataagagtgaaaactccatctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaTTCCTTTGGGAAGGCCTTCTACATAAAAATCTTCAACATGAGACTGGAAAAAAGGGTATGGGATCATCACCGGACCTTTGGCTTTTACAGCTCGAGCTGACAAAGTTGATTTATCAAGTTGTAAATCTTCACCTGTTGAATTCATAAGTTCATGTCATATTTTCTTTCAGACAATTCTTCAGTTTGTTTACGTAGATCAGCGATACGATGATTCCATTTCTtcggatccttgtaagagcagagcaggtgatggagagggtgggaggtgtagtgacagaagcaggaaactccagtcattcgagacgggcagcacaagctgcggagtgcaggccacctctacggccaggaaacggattctcccgcagagcctcggaagctaccgaccctgctcccaccttgactcagtaggacttactgtagaattctggccttcagacCTGAGCCTGGCAGCTCTCTCCAACTTTGGAAGCCCAGGGGCATGGCCCCTGTCCACAGATGCACCTGGCATGAGGCGTGCCCAGAGGGACAGAGGCAGATGAGTttcgtctcctccactggattgtgagggcCAGAGTTGAACTCCCTCATTTTCCGTTCCCCAGCATTGGCAGGTTCTGGGACTGGTGGCTGTGGTGGCTCGTTGGTCTTTGTCTCTTAGAAGGTGGGGAATAATCATCATCT
>ENST00000424587.1
ccaggaagtgaaaatgacactttactgttttaatttgcatttctctgcttacaagtggattacacacattttcgtgtgctgttggctacttatTCATTCAGAAAACATACTAAGTGCTGGCTCTTTTTCATGTCCTTTATCAAGTTTGGATCATGTCATTTGCTATTTTCTTTCTGATGTAAACTCTCAAAGTCTGAAGTGTATTGTCTTTTCCTGACACATATGTTGTAAATAATTTTCTGGCTTACATTTTGACTTTTAATTTCATTCACGATGTTTTTAATGAATAATTTTAATTTTTATGAATGCAAGTTAAAATAATTCTTTCATTGTGGTCTCTGACATGTCATGCCAATAAGGGTCTTCTCCTCCAAGAGCACAGAAATATTTGCCAATACTGTCCTTAAAATCGGTCACAGTTTCATTTTTTATATATGCATTTTACTTCAATTGGGGCTTCATTTTACTGAATGCCCTATTTGAAGCAAGTTTCTCAGTTAATTCTTTTCTCAAAGGGCTAAGTATGGTAGATTGCAAACATAAGTGGCCACATAATGCTCTCACCTCctttgcctcctctcccaggaggagatagcgtccatctttccactccttaatctgggcttggccgtgtgacttgcactggccaatgggatattaacaagtctgatgtgcacagaggctgtagaatgtgcacgggggcttggtctctcttgctgccctggagaccagctgccCCACGAAGGAACCAGAGCCAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGACAGTCCCTCTGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGGAGACAGTCCCTCAGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGACAGTCACTCTGTCTCTGccaacccagttgaccgcagacatgcaggtctgctcaggtaagaccagcacagtccctgccctgtgagccaaaccaaatggtccagccacagaatcgtgagcaaataagtgatgcttaagtcactaagatttgggCAAAAGCTGAGCATTTATCCCAATCCCAATACTGTTTGTCCTTCTGTTTATCTGTCTGTCCTTCCCTGCTCATTTAAAATGCCCCCACTGCATCTAGTACATTTTTATAGGATCAGGGATCTGCTCTTGGATTAATGTTGTGTTCCCACCTCGAGGCAGCTTTGTAAGCTTCTGAGCACTTCCCAATTCCGGGTGACTTCAGGCACTGGGAGGCCTGTGCATCAGCTGCTGCTGTCTGTAGCTGACTTCCTTCACCCCTCTGCTGTCCTCAGCTCCTTCACCCCTGGGCCTCAGGAAATCAATGTCATGCTGACATCACTCTAGATCTAAAAGTTGGGTTCTTGgaccaggcgtggtggctcacacctgtaatcccagcactttgggaggccgaggcgggtggatcacaaggtcaggagatcaagacgattctggctaacacggtgaaaccccgtctctactaaaaatacaaaaaaattagccgggtgtggtggcaggtgcctgtagccccagctacttgggaggctgaggcaggagaatggcttgaacctgggaggtggagcttgcagtgagccaagatcacgccactgcactccagaatgggagagagagcgagactttctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaCTTAGGTTCTTGGATGTTCGGGAAAGGGGGTTATTATCTAGGATCCTTGAAGCACCCCCAAGGGCATCTTCTCAAAGTTGGATGTGTGCATTTTCCTGAGAGGAAAGCTTTCCCACATTATACAGCTTCTGAAAGGGTTGCTTGACCCACAGATGTGAAGCTGAGGCTGAAGGAGACTGATGTGGTTTCTCCTCAGTTTCTCTGTGCAGCACCAGGTGGCAGCAGAGGTCAGCAAGGCAAACCCGAGCCCGGGGATGCGGAGTGGGGGCAGCTACGTCCTCTCTTGAGCTACAGCAGATTCACTCTGTTCTGTTTCATTGTTGTTTAGTTTGCGTTGTGTTTCTCCAACTTTGTGCCTCATCAGGAAAAGCTTTGGATCACAATTCCCAGtgctgaagaaaaggccaaactcttggttgtgttctttgattAGTgcctgtgacgcagcttcaggaggtcctgagaacgtgtgcacagtttagtcggcagaaacttagggaaatgtaagaccaccatcagcacataggagttctgcattggtttggtctgcattggtttggtCTTTTCCTGGATACAGGTCTTGATAGGTCTCTTGATGTCATTTCACTTCAGATTCTTCTTTAGAAAACTTGGACAATAGCATTTGCTGTCTTGTCCAAATTGTTACTTCAAGTTTGCTCTTAGCAAGTAATTGTTTCAGTATCTATATCAAAAATGGCTTAAGCCTGCAACATGTTTCTGAATGATTAACAAGGTGATAGTCAGTTCTTCATTGAATCCTGGATGCTTTATTTTTCTTAATAAGAGGAATTCATATGGATCAG
>ENST00000426316.1
AATGATCAAATTATGTTTCCCATGCATCAGGTGCAATGGGAAGCTCTTctggagagtgagagaagcttccagttaaggtgacattgaagccaagtcctgaaagatgaggaagagttgtatgagagtggggagggaagggggaggtggagggaTGGGGAATGGGCCGGGATGGGATAGCGCAAACTGCCCGGGAAGGGAAACCAGCACTGTACAGACCTGAACAACGAAGATGGCATATTTTGTTCAGGGAATGGTGAATTAAGTGTGGCAGGAATGCTTTGTAGACACAGTAATTTGCTTGTATGGAATTTTGCCTGAGAGACCTCATTCCTCACGTCGGCCATTCCAGGCCCCGTTTTTCCCTTCCGGCAGCCTCTTGGCCTCTAATTTGTTTATCTTTTGTGTATAAATCCCAAAATATTGAATTTTGGAATATTTCCACCATTATGTAAATATTTTGATAGGTAA
# use the UNIX fold command to wrap the FASTA sequence such that each line
# has at most 60 characters
$ bedtools getfasta -fi chr1.fa -bed genes.bed12 -split -name | \
fold -w 60
>ENST00000466557.1
gaggcgggaagatcacttgatatcaggagtcgaggcgggaagatcacttgacgtcaggag
ttcgagactggcccggccaacatggtgaaaccgcatctccactaaaaatacaaaaattag
cctggtatggtggtgggcacctgtaatcccagtgacttgggaggctaaggcaggagaatt
tcttgaacccaggaggcagaggttgcagtgaccagcaaggttgcgccattgcaccccagc
ctgggcgataagagtgaaaactccatctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaTTCCTTTGG
GAAGGCCTTCTACATAAAAATCTTCAACATGAGACTGGAAAAAAGGGTATGGGATCATCA
CCGGACCTTTGGCTTTTACAGCTCGAGCTGACAAAGTTGATTTATCAAGTTGTAAATCTT
CACCTGTTGAATTCATAAGTTCATGTCATATTTTCTTTCAGACAATTCTTCAGTTTGTTT
ACGTAGATCAGCGATACGATGATTCCATTTCTtcggatccttgtaagagcagagcaggtg
atggagagggtgggaggtgtagtgacagaagcaggaaactccagtcattcgagacgggca
gcacaagctgcggagtgcaggccacctctacggccaggaaacggattctcccgcagagcc
tcggaagctaccgaccctgctcccaccttgactcagtaggacttactgtagaattctggc
cttcagacCTGAGCCTGGCAGCTCTCTCCAACTTTGGAAGCCCAGGGGCATGGCCCCTGT
CCACAGATGCACCTGGCATGAGGCGTGCCCAGAGGGACAGAGGCAGATGAGTttcgtctc
ctccactggattgtgagggcCAGAGTTGAACTCCCTCATTTTCCGTTCCCCAGCATTGGC
AGGTTCTGGGACTGGTGGCTGTGGTGGCTCGTTGGTCTTTGTCTCTTAGAAGGTGGGGAA
TAATCATCATCT
>ENST00000424587.1
ccaggaagtgaaaatgacactttactgttttaatttgcatttctctgcttacaagtggat
tacacacattttcgtgtgctgttggctacttatTCATTCAGAAAACATACTAAGTGCTGG
CTCTTTTTCATGTCCTTTATCAAGTTTGGATCATGTCATTTGCTATTTTCTTTCTGATGT
AAACTCTCAAAGTCTGAAGTGTATTGTCTTTTCCTGACACATATGTTGTAAATAATTTTC
TGGCTTACATTTTGACTTTTAATTTCATTCACGATGTTTTTAATGAATAATTTTAATTTT
TATGAATGCAAGTTAAAATAATTCTTTCATTGTGGTCTCTGACATGTCATGCCAATAAGG
GTCTTCTCCTCCAAGAGCACAGAAATATTTGCCAATACTGTCCTTAAAATCGGTCACAGT
TTCATTTTTTATATATGCATTTTACTTCAATTGGGGCTTCATTTTACTGAATGCCCTATT
TGAAGCAAGTTTCTCAGTTAATTCTTTTCTCAAAGGGCTAAGTATGGTAGATTGCAAACA
TAAGTGGCCACATAATGCTCTCACCTCctttgcctcctctcccaggaggagatagcgtcc
atctttccactccttaatctgggcttggccgtgtgacttgcactggccaatgggatatta
acaagtctgatgtgcacagaggctgtagaatgtgcacgggggcttggtctctcttgctgc
cctggagaccagctgccCCACGAAGGAACCAGAGCCAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGA
CAGTCCCTCTGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGGAGAC
AGTCCCTCAGTCCCTCTGTCTCTGCCAACCAGTTAACCTGCTGCTTCCTGGAGGAAGACA
GTCACTCTGTCTCTGccaacccagttgaccgcagacatgcaggtctgctcaggtaagacc
agcacagtccctgccctgtgagccaaaccaaatggtccagccacagaatcgtgagcaaat
aagtgatgcttaagtcactaagatttgggCAAAAGCTGAGCATTTATCCCAATCCCAATA
CTGTTTGTCCTTCTGTTTATCTGTCTGTCCTTCCCTGCTCATTTAAAATGCCCCCACTGC
ATCTAGTACATTTTTATAGGATCAGGGATCTGCTCTTGGATTAATGTTGTGTTCCCACCT
CGAGGCAGCTTTGTAAGCTTCTGAGCACTTCCCAATTCCGGGTGACTTCAGGCACTGGGA
GGCCTGTGCATCAGCTGCTGCTGTCTGTAGCTGACTTCCTTCACCCCTCTGCTGTCCTCA
GCTCCTTCACCCCTGGGCCTCAGGAAATCAATGTCATGCTGACATCACTCTAGATCTAAA
AGTTGGGTTCTTGgaccaggcgtggtggctcacacctgtaatcccagcactttgggaggc
cgaggcgggtggatcacaaggtcaggagatcaagacgattctggctaacacggtgaaacc
ccgtctctactaaaaatacaaaaaaattagccgggtgtggtggcaggtgcctgtagcccc
agctacttgggaggctgaggcaggagaatggcttgaacctgggaggtggagcttgcagtg
agccaagatcacgccactgcactccagaatgggagagagagcgagactttctcaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaCTTAGGTTCTTGGATGTTCGGGAAAGGGGGTTATTATCTAGGATCCTTGAA
GCACCCCCAAGGGCATCTTCTCAAAGTTGGATGTGTGCATTTTCCTGAGAGGAAAGCTTT
CCCACATTATACAGCTTCTGAAAGGGTTGCTTGACCCACAGATGTGAAGCTGAGGCTGAA
GGAGACTGATGTGGTTTCTCCTCAGTTTCTCTGTGCAGCACCAGGTGGCAGCAGAGGTCA
GCAAGGCAAACCCGAGCCCGGGGATGCGGAGTGGGGGCAGCTACGTCCTCTCTTGAGCTA
CAGCAGATTCACTCTGTTCTGTTTCATTGTTGTTTAGTTTGCGTTGTGTTTCTCCAACTT
TGTGCCTCATCAGGAAAAGCTTTGGATCACAATTCCCAGtgctgaagaaaaggccaaact
cttggttgtgttctttgattAGTgcctgtgacgcagcttcaggaggtcctgagaacgtgt
gcacagtttagtcggcagaaacttagggaaatgtaagaccaccatcagcacataggagtt
ctgcattggtttggtctgcattggtttggtCTTTTCCTGGATACAGGTCTTGATAGGTCT
CTTGATGTCATTTCACTTCAGATTCTTCTTTAGAAAACTTGGACAATAGCATTTGCTGTC
TTGTCCAAATTGTTACTTCAAGTTTGCTCTTAGCAAGTAATTGTTTCAGTATCTATATCA
AAAATGGCTTAAGCCTGCAACATGTTTCTGAATGATTAACAAGGTGATAGTCAGTTCTTC
ATTGAATCCTGGATGCTTTATTTTTCTTAATAAGAGGAATTCATATGGATCAG
>ENST00000426316.1
AATGATCAAATTATGTTTCCCATGCATCAGGTGCAATGGGAAGCTCTTctggagagtgag
agaagcttccagttaaggtgacattgaagccaagtcctgaaagatgaggaagagttgtat
gagagtggggagggaagggggaggtggagggaTGGGGAATGGGCCGGGATGGGATAGCGC
AAACTGCCCGGGAAGGGAAACCAGCACTGTACAGACCTGAACAACGAAGATGGCATATTT
TGTTCAGGGAATGGTGAATTAAGTGTGGCAGGAATGCTTTGTAGACACAGTAATTTGCTT
GTATGGAATTTTGCCTGAGAGACCTCATTCCTCACGTCGGCCATTCCAGGCCCCGTTTTT
CCCTTCCGGCAGCCTCTTGGCCTCTAATTTGTTTATCTTTTGTGTATAAATCCCAAAATA
TTGAATTTTGGAATATTTCCACCATTATGTAAATATTTTGATAGGTAA
